Later portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani, painted after a drawing by Abdul Ghafoor Breshna.
Later portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani, painted after a drawing by Abdul Ghafoor Breshna. Tapand, after Abdul Ghafoor Breshna · Public domain · Image source ↗ (opens in a new window)

Classical · National and mystical

Ahmad Shah Durrani

احمد شاه دراني

Founder of the Durrani state and author of a Pashto divan spanning love, homeland, ethics, and mysticism.

Life and work

Introduction

Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Baba, was an eighteenth-century ruler and founder of the Durrani state. His Pashto poetry forms a significant literary legacy alongside his political and military life.

His divan includes ghazals and other poems on love, homeland, Pashtun unity, ethics, and mysticism. Its edited text draws on several manuscript witnesses.

A poet-king and a major classical voice of patriotic poetry in Pashto literary history.

Sources

Biographical references

Recorded works

Poems

Books and editions

Bibliography